ABSTRACT
Objective: The quality evaluation of herbal products remains a big challenge. Traceable markers are the core concept of the authentication of herbal products. However, the discovery of traceable markers is labor-intensive and time-consuming. The aim of this study is to develop a convenient approach to rapidly screen the traceable markers for herbal product authentication. Methods: Commercial Jing Liqueur and its 22 species of herbal ingredients were analyzed using HPLC-QTOF-MS and GC–MS to characterize nonvolatile and volatile chemicals. The acquired data were imported into MZmine 2 software for mass detection, chromatogram building, deconvolution and alignment. The aligned data were exported into a csv file and then traceable markers were selected using the built-in filter function in Excel. Finally, the traceable markers were identified by searching against online databases or publications, some of which were confirmed by reference standards. Results: A total of 288 chemical features transferred from herbal materials to Jing Liqueur product were rapidly screened out. Among them, 52 markers detected by HPLC-QTOF-MS were annotated, while nine volatile markers detected by GC–MS were annotated. Moreover, 30 of these markers were confirmed by comparing with reference standards. A chemical fingerprint consisting of traceable markers was finally generated to ensure the authentication and quality consistency of Jing Liqueur. Conclusion: A strategy for rapid discovery of traceable markers in herbal products using MZmine 2 software was developed.
ABSTRACT
Two cyclopeptides, celogentin L (1) and its epimer lyciumin A (2) were firstly isolated from Celosia argentea L.. The planar structures of the two compounds were fully determined by spectroscopic data, including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI/MS. The absolute configurations of amino acid components were assigned via chiral-phase HPLC analyses after acid hydrolysis. Furthermore, the configuration of C-N linkage at the glycine Cα was elucidated by extensive analyses of 2D-NMR and comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Cytotoxicity of the two compounds against human alveolar epithelial A549, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, and cervical cancer Hela cell lines was assayed. Although both of them were inactive in these cells, the present findings add new facets for the chemistry of Celosia argentea.
Subject(s)
Humans , A549 Cells , Cell Survival , Celosia , Chemistry , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical , HeLa Cells , Hep G2 Cells , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , Peptides, Cyclic , Chemistry , Toxicity , Seeds , Chemistry , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Two cyclopeptides, celogentin L (1) and its epimer lyciumin A (2) were firstly isolated from Celosia argentea L.. The planar structures of the two compounds were fully determined by spectroscopic data, including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI/MS. The absolute configurations of amino acid components were assigned via chiral-phase HPLC analyses after acid hydrolysis. Furthermore, the configuration of C-N linkage at the glycine Cα was elucidated by extensive analyses of 2D-NMR and comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Cytotoxicity of the two compounds against human alveolar epithelial A549, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, and cervical cancer Hela cell lines was assayed. Although both of them were inactive in these cells, the present findings add new facets for the chemistry of Celosia argentea.
Subject(s)
Humans , A549 Cells , Cell Survival , Celosia , Chemistry , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical , HeLa Cells , Hep G2 Cells , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , Peptides, Cyclic , Chemistry , Toxicity , Seeds , Chemistry , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analysis the trend of maternal death time and explore the impact of the variety of death causes and birth place to maternal death time.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the data provided by Beijing Maternal and Children Health Hospital, the 372 death cases of pregnant and lying-in women from 1995 to 2010, a retrospective study was performed to analyze the death causes, maternal death time and the influencing factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MMR declined from 27.9 per 100 000 live births from 1995 to 2000 to 14.8 per 100 000 live births from 2006 to 2010, with a decline of 46.9%. Among the maternal death within 24 hours of delivery, 79.7% (106/133) died of obstetric hemorrhage, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy and amniotic fluid embolism. It took up 47.8% (64/134) from 1995 to 2000, reduced to 37.5% (45/120) from 2006 to 2010. At the same time, the maternal mortality ratio within 24 hours reduced from 40.2%(54/134) to 28.3% (34/120), the variation of death time was consistent with the causes of maternal mortality (χ² = 59.109, P < 0.05). Indirect obstetric causes increased significantly from 2006 to 2010, 53.2% (33/62) of pregnant women with heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and pulmonary embolism died in prenatal or more than 120 hours postnatal. Among the maternal death delved in hospital, 29.0% (29/100) died within 24 hours, 52 cases delved at home or in private clinics, 43 cases (82.6%) died within 24 h postnatal. There were significant differences between birth place and death time (χ² = 24.500, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Maternal death time changed from 24 hours of delivery to prenatal or postnatal a long time. The maternal mortality causes and hospital delivery is an important factor affecting maternal time.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cause of Death , China , Maternal Health Services , Maternal Mortality , Pregnancy Complications , MortalityABSTRACT
Objective To provide evidence for further reducing the maternal mortality rate (MMR) through analyzing the causes of death and influencing factors on the issue.Methods Every maternal death from 1996 to 2010 was audited by experts and relevant information was collected and analyzed,retrospectively.Results (1) The overall MMR among Beijing residents was 20.2 per 100 000 live births in 1996-2000 while decreased to 14.2 per 100 000 live births from 2006 to 2010.At the same time,the MMR of migrating people decreased from 47.7 to 15.2 per 100 000 live births.(2) The proportion of women having received middle school education and above,increased from 59.8％ to 78.8％ and the non-prenatal care maternal ratio decreased from 39.1％ to 12.7％.(3) Among the 349 deaths in the period of 1996-2010,209 (59.9％) were caused by direct obstetric reasons.Proportion of obstetric hemorrhage declined from 14.4％ to 9.2％ and the amniotic fluid embolism declined from 20.7％ to 15.0％.Prolific,non-prenatal care and private clinics/home deliveries were important factors on direct obstetric reasons.71.4％ maternal mortality of indirect causes appeared abnormal during pregnancy.(4) The WHO twelve-grade classification standard on maternal deaths was adopted.Our data showed that the main reasons causing maternal deaths of Beijing residents were related to the skills of medical staffs (62.4％) and healthcare management (19.7％).The main reasons of maternal deaths among migrating people would include:poor knowledge (41.4％),inappropriate attitude(32.3％) and resources of the families(24.0％).Conclusion The MMR in Beijing continuously declined from 1996 to 2010.However,in order to keep up with the changing causes related to maternal deaths as well as to the increasing service requirements,it is necessary to develop a new model on service and management of the issue.